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Dark spots don’t fade overnight. They fade when the routine stays stable long enough for the skin to respond. These are the ingredients that are widely used in skincare for dark spots and pigmentation: • Vitamin C – helps brighten skin and protect it from further pigment formation • Niacinamide – supports barrier and helps even out skin tone • Alpha Arbutin – slows down excess pigment production • Kojic Acid – works on stubborn pigmentation and uneven tone • Azelaic Acid – helps with pigmentation and post-acne marks They work either alone or in well-formulated combinations, depending on the product. Simple routine structure Morning (AM): Cleanser → Vitamin C → Moisturiser → Sunscreen Night (PM): Cleanser → Niacinamide / Alpha Arbutin / Azelaic Acid → Moisturiser Sunscreen is non-negotiable because UV exposure keeps pigment active. Beginner strengths commonly seen in formulations • Vitamin C derivatives: around 5–10% • Niacinamide: around 4–5% • Alpha Arbutin: around 1–2% • Kojic Acid: around 1% • Azelaic Acid: around 10% (OTC formulations) Start simple and stay consistent for 8–12 weeks before judging results. My personal recommendation If you’re confused where to start, Vitamin C + Niacinamide is usually the most beginner-friendly combination to stabilise tone first. The deeper ingredient combinations and layering options are explained in the reel. (dark spots, pigmentation, hyperpigmentation, acne marks, melasma, uneven skin tone, vitamin c for dark spots, niacinamide for pigmentation, alpha arbutin serum, kojic acid skincare, azelaic acid pigmentation, pigmentation routine, best ingredients for dark spots, pigmentation treatment skincare) Disclaimer: This content is shared for educational purposes based on my own research and personal trial and testing. It should not be considered medical or expert advice. For personalised treatment or specific concerns, please consult a qualified dermatologist or medical professional.